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<h1>Industrialism 1.0: The Next Step&nbsp;</h1>
<p>Almost as the Britih establsihed industry, they butted against the need to sell goods produced. In addition the industrial machine requires reliable natural resource supplies. Besides coal and wool Britain had to go elsewhere to secure these. Also, as industry grew and other professions grew in support, the need to feed workers grew as well. Sooner or later, the island nation needed to import food, a requirement that has only grown with our current level of globalisation. Indeed, these issues have only grown more acute as more and more move to manufacturing or service economies. Industrialism created an interdependence that likely has no end in site.</p>
<h1>Opening Markets</h1>
<p>&nbsp;People need to buy goods to keep the industrial system going. The British and even the European market could only provide enough customers to justify factories needed to generate profits for all investors. To the British advantage, their control of the seas and overseas colonies provided a natural mechanism for opening and controlling markets.&nbsp; But the British took the system beyond finding places to sell goods, a limited prospect since developing countries had little to spend. Instead the no sunset Empire sought resources they could exploit while restricting any competition to British made goods.&nbsp;</p>
<h2>Means to an End</h2>
<p>Of course, very few in the lands the British dealt with could afford the goods offered. But banking grew in parallel to the sea-power the island nation nourished. After a time Pax Britannia included the full trappings of the colonial machine. Debts led to power that the navy could back. The British also took advantage of local rivalries by backng one potentate over another in exchange for concessions. By all of these means did the British and then the rest of Europe intertwine their ways with cultures across the globe. Thus, from the 1820s on competition among European states moved overseas, each trying to gain a foothold over another in places where few laws existed if at all. The tiniest of nations, including embroynic Belgium, found ways to leverage more and more territory across the world. These efforts set up a two way dependency&nbsp; we still live with.</p>
<h2>Globalisation 2.0</h2>
<p>Our current bout with globalisation hardly represents the first experience with the process. Globalisation 1.0 spanned the period from the Portuguese sailed along the coast of Africa up to the beginning of the Industrialism. That time included discovery and colonization, a process fairly well that followed state needs. Though, of course, this classification is a rough one, it is meant to separate the period where industry both drove policy and commercial activity more than the state did.</p>
<p>Railroads played integral in globalisation. All nations could instantly see the benefit and moved to obtain them. This opened up areas all across the globe, granting access to resources and markets almost immediately. Of course, railroads also came with its own needs and made people see the world in vastly different terms. Time and schedules, planning and communication and the industries that provided them became universal needs across the globe. It also changed the face of labor since trains increasingly transported people away from their home territories to places of work. The extreme example comes with Chinese imported to build railroads in the USA. It also meant that cities could and did arise from almost nothing; many British cities arose specifically around industry.</p>
<h1>Exploiting Resources</h1>
<p>Natural resources drive the industrial system. Machines cannot run without them, but they also make the tapping of resources more efficient. Humans literally gained the ability to move mountains. To many the war against nature had come to an end and humans one.</p>
<h1>Where We Are Now</h1>
<p>All of these developments bring us up to today. One could suggest that we have evolved past these issues, but closer examination shows we have not. In fact the issues have multiplied into a more acute problem. China and India fairly well followed the same path, and no other nation can claim the right to deny their progress. In order for each country to compete, for its people to lead productive (read: pay taxes), it now must do so globally. If anything, interdependence accelerates everyday; in the US, a weak dollar drives gasoline costs higher, in turn feeding inflation down the line; rice prices jumped suddenly with the failure of Australia's crop due to drought. But nature only represents only part of the cause. Previously, local crop failure only effected a limited region. Now, decisions and actions on the other side of the globe directly affects another. </p>
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