Neptune-Pluto Waves: Replacing the Ages of History
One of the most controversial statements you will learn of in Measuring History involves replacing the ages of history with the (approximate) 495 Neptune-Pluto waves. To be honest, Neptune-Pluto waves should complement our knowledge of them. The Bronze Age got that name for a reason. In the end, the reader will see that Neptune-Pluto waves enhances our view of long stretches of time that carry distinct themes.
I propose Neptune-Pluto waves as long-term measuring devices for the following reasons:
	The (approximate within three years) 495 Neptune-Pluto waves appear reliably across time. Divisions of time by this method provides objective measurement. In comparison, present techniques look somewhat arbitrary.
Each Neptune-Pluto wave has quadrature alignments that work as checkpoints that operate internally and externally.
Every Neptune-Pluto wave contains a theme that follow patterns consistent to what we expect at quadrature alignments.

	To prove this let us begin by defining Neptune-Pluto waves backward to when mainstream historians consider the beginning of written history, ~4500bce, which puts gives a total of fourteen, including the one in which we currently reside.

4545bce	1073bce-2384	
4545bce-4048bce
4047bce-3553bce
3552bce-3057bce
3056bce-2548bce
2547bce-2062bce
2061bce-1569bce
1567bce-1074bce	1069bce-577bce
576bce-85bce
84bce-409
410-905
906-1398
1399-1892
1893-2384	

	Some dates stand out with explanation: 409CE at the end of 84bceNeptune-Pluto409 (the Neptune-Pluto wave that spans 84bce-410―see Terminology & Technique to learn more about naming conventions). 409-410 covers the Visigothic sack of Rome. Rome had been sacked before, but most historians agree with Petrarch, who timed this date as the start of the Dark Ages. 1567BceNeptune-Pluto1074bce spans the entire Egyptian New Kingdom period. Almost all of 84bce-410 coincides with length of the (western) Roman Empire. Other dates like 3056bce and 1399 require explanation, but hold up to scrutiny. 3056bce  arrived very close to the beginning of the Bronze Age, which has no fixed date, but the evidence that 3056bceNeptune-Pluto2584bce coincides with the introduction of bronze to Near East. 1399 finds us at the crossroads of the Black Plague, overseas discoveries and the Great Western Schism that helped bring the Catholic Church to its political downfall. In my opinion, seen later in this chapter, the beginning of 1399Neptune-Pluto1892, makes a more solid marker for the beginning of Europe modernism, rather than the squishy of 'some time after 1500' now offered. 
[MORE]
The Paradox of Neptune-Pluto Waves

Each Neptune-Pluto wave contains a theme that, from a long-view, turns into a paradox. The current period, 1893Neptune-Pluto2384 contains on of Progress. Our present wave began with progress as expected, a first in history. With this expectation comes many issues with few clear answers. These include Sustainability, New Morality, Resources. Each of these subtopics to Progress have at least five subtopics, Sustainability, for instance speaks to Infrastructure, Demographics and Environmental Integrity. I see these as part of the paradox because addressing them requires difficult choices that please few. Demographics, for instance, means more than the 2.5 billion additional people expected by 2050. It also points to the need to balance the number of workers who can contribute to retirement funds or the degree a nation depends on imported food or workers. Of course, the idea that Progress and all of its subtopics represent the paradox of 1893Neptune-Pluto2384 represents my opinion; I welcome other viewpoints. The chapter, Paradox2140, below,  explains more.
	For now, the list below varies between paradox and thematic, where the latter comes when no clear paradox jumps out; each Neptune-Pluto wave contains one, I simply require more research to submit them
4545bce-4048bce
	The agricultural revolution that engendered Sumer and Egypt begins here. Horses are domesticated.
4047bce-3553bce
3552bce-3057bce
	In Mesopotamia, “prewriting”, accounting on stones tracking grain, appears; predynastic period of Egpyt.
3056bce-2548bce
In the Near East, the Bronze Age begins; writing on tablets, a major development that improved military records and efficiency; Bronze, a copper and tin alloy, indicates trade expansion since tin exists only in places like Anatolia or the British Isles; all of the major Egyptian pyramids appear during this stretch
2547bce-2062bce
 Minoan culture emerges 
2061bce-1569bce
	Babylon becomes most powerful state; Minoan culture moves to Crete

	
1567bce-1074bce
	Coincides with the entire length of the Egyptian New Kingdom; Beginning of Judaism; Time of Trojan War;	Start of Iron Age; Phoenicians simplify alphabet
1069bce-577bce
	David unites Israel; Greek Dark Ages; Rome emerges;Jerusalem destroyed; Assyria ends: Axial Age begins; 
576bce-85bce
	Greek Renaissance leads to lasting cultural advances and war; Peloponnesian war leads to weakened Sparta and Athens, Macedonia takes advantage; Alexander's conquest leads to Hellenization upon his death, but also the vector pointing westward toward Rome rather than east toward Persia; Greek culture and language become standards over a wide swath for hundreds of years; The Roman Republic ends up controlling the Mediterranean and many of the cultures that surrounded it; In China, the Age of Warring States led to Qin, using common-sense reforms, to dominate and lead to Chinese unification.
84bce-409
	This period transcribes most of the Roman Empire, except the period from about 84bce through 30bce when it still operated as a Republic. A look at the entire period points to the events near 85bce and the Socii Revolution representing a paradox Rome never solved. Rome gained its power through its military, a condition that came as a blessing and a curse. The more territory it conquered, the more it needed to defend. More territory also encouraged soldiers to demand more from the state. This lead to circumstances where emperors rose or fell based on the backing of the military, making the balance between civilian and army needs a difficult one to maintain. From 85bce through 410 never effectively solved this issue, one that contributed to its eventual fall.
	
410Neptune-Pluto905
	Across much of the planet the process of “de-Romanization” had far reaching effects. Across much of the Eurasian land mass tribes pushed into new areas, often at the expense of weaker ones. Lineages that turned into states grew out of this time, with the process continuing through the next Neptune-Pluto Wave. Islam also grew out the second half of the period, quickly establishing territorial claim over a wide swath. The Eastern Roman Empire morphed into Byzantium. Also in the second half, Norman invasions from an area ranging from present day Ireland, Istanbul and Russia.

906Neptune-Pluto1398
	Europe moved from tribal to state-like politics while Islam peaked. This was also the period when nomadic invasions peaked ending eventually with sedentary cultures prevailing. The Great Schism also appeared during this time, with the Christian Church splitting permanently into east and west, defining a socio-political divide that remains intact after centuries. We also see China and Islam headed toward their power, setting influences in place we still see today(such as the movable press gunpowder and algebra). In Europe the Crusades set the framework for political theater that played for centuries: the Church versus the Monarchy. At the end of the period, the two most cohesive states, England and France began a war that lasted more than a hundred years, the Hundred Years War.   

1399Neptune-Pluto1892
	The summarized version of Paradox1648 could be titled Theocracy to Secularism but the subtitle tells the entire story: How the Failure to Reform European Theocracy led to Transition to
Secularism Combined a with Nation-state Model. This transition led to a, more or less, worldwide  acceptance of  a secular approach in both commerce and government that works no matter the model of nation-state chosen. Of course, some of the dynamics of this process still play in during the present wave, demonstrating a characteristic universal to all Neptune-Pluto waves, the carryover effect. As Chou En Lai, Chinese Premier during the Cold War purported responded when asked about the affect of the French Revolution, 'It's too soon to tell.' China represents a case in point as it eagerly works with any party willing to pay, while defining itself as a communist nation aggressively pursuing capitalism.
 	Every Neptune-Pluto wave also has a unique signature outside of its historical connections. At each 1398Neptune-Pluto1892 quadrature alignments (examined below on page __)  coincides with a Uranus-Pluto, Uranus-Neptune, Saturn-Pluto, Saturn-Neptune and Saturn-Uranus quadrature alignments, a line up rarely seen in most Neptune-Pluto waves. I discuss the importance of this signature in the chapter 1648 that covers this 492 year period. Ultimately, the rate of change from the start of the 14th Century to end of the 19th that coincides with this Neptune-Pluto wave surpasses, by far, in terms of how quickly so much changed for so many people. As hinted above, we still work through the effects of this last full Neptune-Pluto wave. Indeed, when we compare this wave and the next, 1893Neptune-Pluto2384, we begin to see how one wave relates to another, as history would suggest.

1893Neptune-Pluto2384 (Paradox2140)
	A subtext of the transition from theocracy to secularism speaks of the acceptance, to more precise, the expectation of Progress, an unprecedented in history. Paradox2140, both the chapter and the website that covers the Paradox of Progress, clearly demonstrates the many challenges the almost infinite potential Science and Technology offer us. A most illustrative exercise here compares 1399Neptune-Pluto1893 and 1893Neptune-Pluto2384  on the issue of progress. At the start of the former a few Humanists, at the risk of persecution, whispered the heresy of human ideas playing a role in shaping destiny; that deciphering ancient texts held the key to changing life for the better.  Fast forward to the two decades surrounding the beginning of 1893Neptune-Pluto, ~1870-1920 and the Renaissance world-view seems naïve, even juvenile.
	The comparison reveals more. For Europe the paradox of that corruption institution controlling all aspects of politics and culture proved such a problem it ignited into civil wars. These struggles led to the secular solution that led to our current paradox, Progress. 
	Paradox2140 dedicates all of its space to addressing this riddle, but a brief look at Progress shows how the paradox of Neptune-Pluto waves operate.
	Progress is paradox because we have no way of telling whether it delivers more than it takes away. It also comes with the reality that should we universally to reject it for some odd reason doing so would equal the task of removing ones DNA to kill them. The paradox comes built; removing contradictory characteristics is impossible. Going back to the Roman Empire example, the military made Rome strong, but also led to its downfall. Without its army, Rome would have been another agrarian culture thankful for any bounty their land provided. With it, Rome became a culture around vast territories and centuries of history pivot. Compare this to two of the subtopics under Progress, Technology and Sustainability. Technology provides power, convenience and capability no previous culture ever enjoyed, A natural question becomes: What Happens if Technology Fails? Have we become so dependent that we cannot live without? If so, how do we solve the side-effects technology brings such as climate change, resource security and overpopulation? This last query dovetails into Sustainability. How many people are too many? How can we match demographics needs―ensuring that enough workers can pay for a retiree―over time and space? How do we sustain present lifestyles for the additional 2.5 billion people we expect by 2050 while keeping greenhouse gases at or below 350 PPM? These paradoxes, unique to 1893Neptune-Pluto2384, are not simply mental exercises, but ones we must answer as we move forward. Like the previous ones―Rome never really adequately addressed it―no easy answers lie in front of us. In fact, if we do not solve some issues of sustainability such as climate change, overfishing and environmental integrity, we cannot expect to maintain populations at the levels they reach when these and the four other subtopics reach critical stages. As we stand before them, just as Europeans faced their Church around 1399, our only certainty is that these issues will only move forward as time moves forward.
	This observation brings us to the next step in Neptune-Pluto Wave Analysis: tracking paradox by quadrature alignment. As it turns out, each stage of a wave has characteristics we can rely on, providing an ability to track Sustainability and Technology for the period 1893-2064 or 2311-2384, for instance. These additional dimensions provide depth available by no other means, presenting another reason Neptune-Pluto waves make great diviners of history. 
Quadrature Alignments: Themes Gain Dimension
The themes listed above appear in general terms without the dimensions quadrature alignments add. The overall Neptune-Pluto wave speaks to a theme that appears as a process of history. The alignments help describe how these themes develop during each wave. Controversially, but conveniently, these alignments, no matter the planet pairing, share the same characteristics across time. Because they play such an important role in Measuring History I emphasize them throughout this work. They appear in the chapters Wholes, Halves and Quarters, Saturn, the People's Planet and in Terminology and Techniques. As one would expect, however they take on a unique signature in Neptune-Pluto waves as the examples below illustrate.
Starting from the Middle
When you split a piece of fruit in half, you see it from a more complete perspective. You see the “mechanics” each fruit contains, full potential of its existence, how it grew and how its seeds will deploy, completing the cycle of life. We see a more complete picture of what the fruit provides other than sustenance. The same exercise works well with Neptune-Pluto (or any other outer planet wave). 
	For 576bceNeptune-Pluto85bce the midpoint arrived at 334bce, coincident with Alexander's march across civilizations. In the long run, events after his death ten years later had a longer lasting affect. The word Hellenization is shorthand for a cultural movement whose influence still trickles down to our time. Because Rome adopted and spread it across its widening sphere of operation. It represents both the Code Napoleon and lingua franca that endured, in one way or another, arguably down to at least the Fall of Byzantium, the last of the Roman Empire, if not beyond. The importance of the first words appearing in Greek cannot be overstated. For good reason did Humanists search for text in the original language.
	This division by half also separates 576bceNeptune-Pluto85bce into hemispheres of before and after. The periods 576bce-334bce and 333bce-85bce have unique signatures, with the former speaking to the episodes in Greek history that led Alexander's conquest and the spread of Grecian ways through the division of spoils among his generals. 333bce-85bce finds the Seleucid episodes playing out in parallel with the rise of the Roman Republic (we will see shortly what happens when these paths intersect). Like the fruit, both sides, though separate, represent different sides of the same fruit; separate but related. Each side, potentially, can have different characteristics, but both halves must make the whole. Romans used and spread Hellenization because they valued it, because it had a tradition people could agree to and depend upon, a reputation built in the years between 576bce-334bce. 
	Other examples include the half-point of 410Neptune-Pluto905, near 652 when Islam emerged as and 1648 that appears exactly in the middle of 1399Neptune-Pluto1893, when the diplomatic solution to the Reformation freed governments across Europe to decide how their citizens could worship, escorting secularism into the picture as a consequence. The pattern emerging here reveals these half markers as turning points that revolve around the theme of the overall wave. Paradox2140 gets its name because the midpoint of 1893Neptune-Pluto2384 appears around the 2140. In short, looking at the wave by itself tells just part of the story. Introducing the issues found at the midpoint, like seeing from the inside, reveals both the past and the future.
Half of a Half
	Dividing our half into another half as a means of examination flows logically from the first exercise and fits perfectly within the universal planetary proportions we see during every lunar cycle. When we do so we arrive at four quarters, all related but now separate. When apply these proportions to two examples from above we see the value of Neptune-Pluto quadrature alignments as measuring device. For 576bceNeptune-85bce we get:
	576bce-404bce: Greek Renaissance. Sparta prevents Persia from invading the West; Sparta and Athens fight the Peloponnesian War for much of the 5th Century, weakening both; Anaximander and Thales lay the groundwork for Greek philosophy and “science”; Socrates eats hemlock, 404bce
	403bce-334bce: Infighting on the Greek Isles lead to Philip II of Macedonia conquering the archipelago; his son, Alexander takes over when Philip is assassinated, goes on to conquer a good portion of Eurasia; Plato follows Socrates, teaches Aristotle
	333bce-156bce: Alexander dies in 324bce (along with Aristotle, who may have tutored him); upon his death the Seleucid Wars breakout among Alexander's generals, the Romans gain at the expense of these splintered kingdoms; as a result of Greek kingdoms establishing kingdoms from Persia to Egypt leads to Hellenization; 
155bce-85bce: The Third Punic War (146bce) ended any serious challenge to Roman dominance of the Mediterranean; Hellenization spreads throughout much of the Roman territory; Rome reforms it military policy, opening enrollment to those beyond the upper classes.

	From 1398Neptune-Pluto1892 we see:
	1399-1571: Europe goes from the Great Western Schism (3 popes claim throne) to full on warfare that would escalate after 1560s (CounterReformation, from council of Trent, institute reforms but also throws down gauntlet against 'heresy'; Europeans move from discovering the shores of Africa to agents of commercial globalisation―Spanish silver was the preferred currency in China from about 1560s on: at the beginning of these first quadrant, China backs away from transoceanic ventures that surely would have made it world dominant; printing press in Europe changes communications forever; Renaissances spread across Europe
	1572-1648: Europe's religious battles move up the food-chain, pitting Spain against her citizens in the Netherlands, and eventually, most of Europe, outside of British Isles, against itself (Thirty Years War); other parties enter the overseas race; England struggled in defining how to share power between the King and Parliament; Copernicus takes Kepler the next step, proving the heliocentric view, Galileo confirms, is prosecuted by the Church; this span ends with the Peace of Westphalia where two treaties negotiated conclusions to the Eighty and Thirty Year Wars, respectively―the importance of this last event, discussed below, cannot be overstated; last Chinese dynasty takes power ~1648.
	1649-1821: Europe simultaneously moved toward nationalism, increasingly embraced a secular approach and grew middle classes into economic and, eventually, political significance; all of the above hurt two parties the most: the Iberian Peninsula and the Church; twin revolutions, French and Industrial, still reverberating down to our time, take place in this timespan; the Ottoman Empire becomes weaker and weaker, with Russia likely gaining most from the loss;
1822-1893: the last span accelerated changes during began the previous Neptune-Pluto quarter while piling new developments on top of one another; religion, while still important, had lost much of its previous clout―one could say the Reformation came out on top, judging by the plethora of new sects that emerged after 1821; at first Europe, and then other parts of the globe began to adopt industrial policies; nationalism, built on varying models also supplants dynastic policies; by the end of the quadrant, and the wave, consumer electricity and telephony becomes commonplace; the picking at the Ottoman (and Spanish) Empire continues; almost all of the globe is commercialized
	
	Common in both examples, and in every Neptune-Pluto wave, we see consistency, both to the overall wave and from quadrant to quadrant. Also, we see in both how the midpoint of each wave brings the theme of the wave into clear focus. During 576bceNeptune-Pluto85bce Hellenization became a theme that resounded down through the ages. The Peace of Westphalia at 1399Neptune-90-Pluto1892: 1648 heralded a turn to secularism, a cultural movement still marching forward with varying results. Perhaps controversially, Measuring History contends that every Neptune-Pluto (and outer planet) wave has the same dynamic throughout time, providing another reason these waves make such revealing measuring devices. Essentially, every outer planet wave has a start, two middles and an end. History provides numerous examples, but the clearest ones may appear in Neptune-Pluto ones.
A Beginning, Two Middles and An End 
The first example below will help clarify a later chapter, The Outer Planets and the Onset of World War I. The relative closeness of the event helps us see how each wave begins with a feeling of freshness, new promise and potential, while also bringing seeds of uncertainty that comes with the start of any new major undertaking, a sense of birth (but not rebirth).
	The 19th Century ended up being a daunting one to live through. From the end of the Napoleonic Wars to the start of World War I, coinciding with one of the most peaceful stretches on European soil, human development made unprecedented, exponential leaps. The globe went from a peak in horse breeding to iron-railed transport lacing the planet in a few decades; from Faraday's pragmatic electrical experiments to electric transport, lighting and telephone in about the same period; the cascade toward universal suffrage in some nations had begun; though kings still ruled,  representative bodies wrote laws, controlled purse strings and checked executive to varying degrees around the globe; in or around 1868, numerous regions officially declared nationhood, culminating another 19th Century trend. But despite all of the changes that accelerated beginning with 1399Neptune-270-Pluto1893: 1821, the ones from about 1870 forward trumped much if what came in the previous fifty years. The telephone of 1877, a watershed event in human communication marched in front of a parade of the automobile, the aeroplane, radio, ability to track atoms, relativity, quantum physics and air conditioning, with similar changes in other fields. Labor, in general, and specifically unions turned into political and economic factors. The desire for nationalism accelerated, with each independence justifying calls for a growing number of parties. Industrialism, previously limited to Great Britain, turned into the steppingstone others, like Germany and Japan, needed to enter the world of global competition. Speaking of which, from the 1880s forward all parties of any economic consequence established overseas satellites integrated into national fiscal policy. China, for instance, suddenly found that its internal politics included the imperial interests of Germany, Japan, the United States and Britain. New industrial capabilities also fostered new military strategies, reflected internationally in growing naval capacities and domestically in the political theater that promoted militaristic expansion.|
	While all of the above illustrates how much more change appeared in the fifty years after 1870 than prior, the clearest example compares the prewar to the postwar period. At to the 'Great War' cavalry used horses. At the end, tanks helped break trenchwar stalemate. In the beginning, balloons, around since the 18th Century, made up air defense, By wars end air combat had been born. The war began with Austrian, Russian and Ottoman empires. All disintegrated into national or quasi-national descendents. Prior to the war, few women worked or voted. That trend began to end after 1920. 
	These changes proved so monumental we still struggle with them now, but the type of change proves more important here. Expectations, methods, cultures, directions, perspectives, philosophies and technologies all changed dramatically from pre to post war. Prior to the war, tradition held. The old ways, monarchy, trade, technology, politics though all seeing much uncertainty, prevailed until the war. After, they disappeared. Russia devolved into revolution until the Soviets emerged in 1922. The Ottoman Empire turned into Turkey, while present day Iraq, Iran, Israel and other Middle East states turned into Anglo-Franco protectorates. Poland emerged again, ending its vanishing act. Other Balkan and Slavic states struggled to gain footing, while the United States, most victorious from the war effort, went back to its more familiar isolationist policy. Again, the changes proved important, the type of change was monumental . There was no going back to Austro-Hungary, Ottoman Turks, Tsars, horses or a world without radio, airplanes or motor vehicles. The world moved into a new direction that left no return.|
	The same holds true for the before and after pictures near 85bce, 410 and 1399. Prior to 85bce, during 576bceNeptune-Pluto85bce, many powers fought to control the Mediterranean: Greeks, Persians, Carthaginians. By 85bce, by design or circumstance, Rome's rivals fell away. Before 85bce, history speaks to this competition. After, the conversation turns to how Rome's bounty should (or should not) be available to which citizen. During 84bceNeptune-Pluto409 this paradox continued, with a result that so many wanted to leverage Rome's might that it fell (after splitting) under its own weight. After 410, the topic turns to de-Romanization, how much of the planet would change with the western Rome gone and eastern Rome turning into Byzantium. Prior to 409, the “old” subject of how much Rome owed the military and how to pay it dominated the conversation. After 410, who and how to replace Rome grew as a topic as people progressed through 410Neptune-Pluto905. 

End of the Beginning

	During the second quadrant of an outer planet wave developments build off of ones during the first one. By the end of the first quadrant a theme becomes clear. For 576bceNeptune-Pluto85bce, Hellenization represents the overall  theme. The parallel developments of Rome's rise and Greece's fall reached critical momentum between 576bce and 404bce, with a heavy emphasis on events in the Aegean Sea. That quadrant not only saw the Peleponnesian War that sapped Athens and Sparta, but the more important reduction in Persian influence. In hindsight, we can see how by 404bce the path toward Hellenization gained its foundation with the events that led to the war's end. Also established was the culture Greece would give to the West. 
	During 1399Neptune-Pluto1892 the path to secularism led through the Reformation and Counter-Reformation. By 1571 at 1399Neptune-90-Pluto1892 both movements had gained significant traction. Both arose to answer the skepticism that accompanied the beginning of this Neptune Pluto wave. In both cases, we see characteristics emerging, though yet fully formed. There is also a tendency to look backward for solutions, a run toward security when new challenges arise. 
Beginning of the End
	The Peace of Westphalia in 1648  redrew the map of Europe for at least a century. More importantly, it removed the Church as a political power among the crowns of Europe. The powers there then had to develop new diplomacy and politics onus the Church. 
The End is the Beginning
I constantly amaze how the ending process consistently repeats the same dynamic: the end always contains an element of the new. Most simply expressed, the last sector of a Neptune-Pluto wave builds up to something; the first quadrant of the next wave builds on something. At the end of 84bceNeptune-Pluto409, 339-409, Rome had already split into East and West, a public mood of destined decline waifed throughout the Empire, the Visigoth Sack of Rome in 409 was not the first, nor would it be the last, it simply signaled the time when western Rome lost its sense of identity, a sense that it was worth defending to the death. People during last quarter examined old issues, bringing some to an end, deciding others would never be resolved. Among all these events, a new cultural movement, Christianity emerged, with the added development that the formerly shunned religion had the backing of the government. After 410, Christianity would thrive. The new rises from the old, while the old fades away.
	The last sector of 906Neptune-Pluto1398, 1332-1398 contained the beginning of the Hundred Years War, the Babylonian (Avignon) and the Black Plague, all new developments that would play new roles during the next wave. The war represented the peak, but end of knighthood; the French captivity, the beginning of the end of Christian control of politics, culture and diplomacy; the Plague also helped end Church influence, while empowering workers by reducing population, which raised labor cost. After 1399, none of these ongoing events ended, but how they played out took on different dimensions. After the beginning of 1399Neptune-Pluto the war moved in a direction that increase the sway of the monarchy at the expense of lesser nobility (a development in parallel with German knights after the 1409 Battle of Tannenberg). From about 1390 forward the Avignon Captivity had denigrated to where two (later three) Popes claimed the throne. Across Europe those allied with the French backed their choice, while those on the opposite chose the other. This obvious politicising of ecumenical matters undermined Church authority, a position not helped by ostentatious display of wealth and corruption. During 906Neptune-Pluto1398 Church power reached its peak―the old―while laying the seed of is own device. Martin Luther only blew on the embers of an issue that had smoldered for centuries. The Plaque persisted well after it raged trough Europe after 1347, but the initial wave in the 14th Century quickly altered certain demographics, also undermining Church credibility.
It's What's in Between That Counts
At the peril of repeating a concept introduced under Halves & Quarters and Saturn, The People's Planet, I emphasize the importance of judging a full quadrant and not only the quadrature alignments. The alignments typically appear as turning points, but they only indicate times when a concept reaches a natural end or when incompatible forces come to an impasse. These times we spot easily because the change of direction appears obvious. We should never forget these represent the result of a process, not the action itself.
The Full Anatomy of a Neptune-Pluto Wave
Anatomy of a Neptune-Pluto Wave

[Timewheel 84bce-410 DIAGRAM HERE]

So far we have seen that Neptune-Pluto Waves closely coincide with historical age divisions defined by mainstream historians. Neptune-Pluto quadrature alignments connect both to a wave's paradox and to other quadrature alignments within a given wave or between quadrature alignments in other waves. We have also seen that each Neptune-Pluto wave carries the same characteristics from alignment to alignment, a beginning, two middles and an end . Yet these parts still only partially explain how to best get the most from a Neptune-Pluto wave. The Timewheel above hints at why: Each wave has sub-waves, higher frequency outer planet waves pairing Uranus to Neptune and Pluto, along with Saturn pairs with Uranus, Neptune and Pluto (which do not appear in the illustration above for reasons of space). Where subwave's quadrature alignments appear in relation to ones within each Neptune-Pluto wave determines its characteristic. These patterns  repeat throughout a Neptune-Pluto wave and help describe its signature.	
	
Table of The First Four Quadrature Alignment of 1399Neptune-Pluto1892

1399	1572	1648	1821	
[1399 DIAGRAM HERE]	[1572 DIAGRAM HERE]	[1648 DIAGRAM HERE]	[1821 DIAGRAM HERE]	

	1399: When Neptune was conjunct Pluto, Saturn was also conjunct Uranus, while both were opposite both Neptune and Pluto. 	
	1572: When Neptune was lower square Pluto, Saturn was also opposite Pluto and square both Uranus and Neptune, while the latter pair opposed one another.	
	1648: 	When Neptune opposed Pluto, Saturn was also conjunct Pluto and both opposed the conjunction of Uranus and Neptune.
	1821: When Neptune was upper square Pluto, Saturn was also conjunct Pluto and square both Uranus and Neptune, also conjunct.
 	
	The important point here is that Saturn, Uranus and Neptune all appear in quadrature alignments when Neptune falls into a quadrature alignment with Pluto throughout 1399Neptune-Pluto1892, a pattern that characterizes that wave. The pattern is not one that repeats very often, as we will begin to see when we examine the next Neptune-Pluto wave, 1893Neptune-Pluto2384. The difference gives us another tool to interpret history that still fits in with all learned so far.
	We begin to see the difference near the next Neptune-Pluto quadrature alignment of 1892-93. The difference begins to appear near 1882 when Saturn aligns with Neptune and Pluto ten years before the last two aligned. Since Saturn alignments work as trigger mechanisms, we can safely assume that the characteristics of 1893Neptune-Pluto2384 begin to appear at least as early as 1882, if not five years before that. The assassination of Nicholas II, the forming of the Triple Alliance and Daimler-Benz introduction of the automobile fits within the traits of the upcoming Neptune-Pluto wave. That all three factors play critical roles during World War I confirms this observation. Next comes the actual Neptune-Pluto conjunction that ended 1398Neptune-Pluto1892 and began 1893Neptune-Pluto2384. This conjunction came about the same time as Marconi and Tesla began his experiments with radio waves (wireless telegraphy), that cinematography emerged and labor unions waged war in American streets.
	Two other major transits appeared in the next decade, the opposition of Uranus to Pluto, most exact 1902-1905 and Uranus opposed Neptune between 1906 and 1910. The events that accompanied these oppositions make a dizzying list of developments:

Practical development of air conditioning
First successful motorized airplane flies
Henry Ford creates the assembly line
The first practical radios come on line
The lie detector, brownie camera and neon light arrive
Planck posits Quantum Hypothesis
Einstein announces theory of relativity
Madam Curie discovers radioactivity
Picasso pioneers modern art

	In addition to these the following artists were active during the decade: Paul Cézanne,Marc Chagall, Edgar_Degas, Paul_Gauguin, Wassily_Kandinsky, Gustav_Klimt, Henri_Matisse, Claude_Monet, Pablo_Picasso, Pierre-Auguste_Renoir, Auguste_Rodin, Henri_Rousseau, Henri_Toulouse-Lautrec. 
	On the political and diplomatic front the global picture that lead to World War I came into focus. Germany continued to build an arsenal that  challenged the British at a time when that nation felt increasingly insecure. The Japanese surprised the world by essentially getting the best deal at the end of Russo-Japanese War in 1905. The Chinese Qing Dynasty reeled as a result of the suppression of the Boxer Rebellion, resulting in the 1911 Rebellion, from which the Chinese Republic emerged. We also saw the 1905 Russian Revolution, the 1908 Young Turk Revolution and connected agitations that led to two Balkan Wars (First 1911-1912, Second 1913). Additionally, political movements such as Progressivism and Socialism began to pressure entrenched administrations across the globe