Oil Platform Explodes In The Gulf Of Mexico Off The Louisiana Coast
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Deepwater exploded when Mercury was retrograde? Is this a trend?
Read the Article at HuffingtonPost
Future History Astrology
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Deepwater exploded when Mercury was retrograde? Is this a trend?
Read the Article at HuffingtonPost
Thu, September 2 2010 » Uncategorized » No Comments
Likely since humans have figured out the difference between past and future, we have predicted the end of the planet. We still do. Some scenarios include magnetic shits or asteroids. Life happens. Now, under Paradox2140, however, humans can include a capacity never before available: complete global self-destruction. Cheers!
Within 50–70 years of discovering the power of E=MC2, dominant cultures figured out how to build weapons that could wipe human life from the planet for hundreds of thousands of years. We have not been here before.
Thank the Industrial Revolution for bringing us to this place. Hold your rants against machines, or questions about my Luddite nature. Industrialism did not come with an instruction manual. No one knew that overly cheap, carbon-based energy would help us set off a population time-bomb now exacerbating climate-change. When it comes to technology of the type introduced within a brief sliver of time since the 18th Century, humanity holds no experience. Without realizing the ramifications, history handed lethal weapons to pubescent teens without guidance or instruction. Oops.
Take this not as criticism. Industrialism arrived on the heels of centuries long European competition for sometimes sporadic resources. The idea of empire had been around since Babylon. The confluence of technology and 19th Century imperialism created a global dash for resources the bled into 1893Neptune-Pluto2384, container of Paradox2140:Progress. Our natural collective instincts seem to inspire short-term exploitation of resources. Cultures, on which our modern lives now grow, once accustomed to famine and epidemic, now must see centuries into the future. Part of what makes Paradox2140:Progress a paradox is that we began using dangerously inexpensive energy before we knew the down-the-line costs. We are cursed with the trajectory that easy petroleum and coal launched. The only way to correct that choice is with time-machine. Even if we magically discover carbon fuel replacement tomorrow, the impact will be felt for centuries.
A world that imagined mechanical, Newtonian physics could not imagine one the one of quantum mechanics. We are left with Paradox of Progress, the reality we now deal with. No culture in history has faced the complexities of our times; none has come close to our educational capacity, literacy and technical prowess. We have no choice but to make it up as we go along.
We have not been here before.
Fri, August 27 2010 » Astrology Meets History, Discussions, Future, Paradox2140, Present » No Comments
Same Conclusions, Different Methods

Watching this latest RSAnimate video, 21st Century Enlightenment, feels like watching Paradox2140 in animated form. I was especially struck by the section where I start the above video, when the question became “What is Progress?”. The clip above begins at that point because it starts the quest to ask the same questions of Paradox2140:Progress. Both projects intersect, chiefly regarding Sustainability and Science & Technology, with the chief difference lying with intention: The 21st Century Enlightenment Project seeks to add humanism to Progress, to forge a new mindset that uses Progress to release us from many current constraints. Paradox2140 reveals the Paradox of Progress in context of all other Neptune-Pluto paradoxes, while also discussing it within its own context.
Watch the video and then click on the windows below it to compare to relevant Paradox2140 paradoxes. Expect more on the 21st Century Enlightenment Project. Our paths run parallel.
The Complete 21st Century Enlightenment Video:
Mon, August 23 2010 » Astrology Meets History, Discussions, Paradox2140, Present » No Comments
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We live in a different time we’re just getting used to. I call it Paradox214
Why is it paradoxical? We have the technology to examine and convey information down to the molecular level, potentially to and about anybody in the world. Yet, so many use it to transmit lies, mistruths or misleading information. Is it not paradoxical that the Internet that supposedly opens up the information to everyone, may kill journalism?
Read the Article at HuffingtonPost
Thu, August 19 2010 » Uncategorized » No Comments
Few can doubt the next opposition of Uranus-Pluto, circa 2045, will accompany one of those moments noted as special in human history. The last four associate to Copernicus’ Revolutions, the Age of Reason, the French Revolution and Planck/Einstein theories.
So why bring 2045 up now, 35 years away? Takes time to plan a revolution. Be certain, here. I am not calling for one, I simply expect one, of some sort to manifest. Of course, some will correctly reply that the episodes involving physics of the last opposition, 1902–1905 were revolutions of a different support, but that would forget the 1905 Russian Revolution, the Young Turks and the general unrest surrounding labor and class issues that partially inspired World War I.
2045, by falling into this sequence, and by the virtue of its coming so near to so many global “deadlines” (surrounding food, climate, habitat and demographics) fits the description of significant shift of direction in history.
This quote from CIA World Factbook gives one idea of the challenges the United States faces:
“The onrush of technology largely explains the gradual development of a “two-tier labor market” in which those at the bottom lack the education and the professional/technical skills of those at the top and, more and more, fail to get comparable pay raises, health insurance coverage, and other benefits. Since 1975, practically all the gains in household income have gone to the top 20% of households. The war in March-April 2003 between a US-led coalition and Iraq, and the subsequent occupation of Iraq, required major shifts in national resources to the military. Soaring oil prices between 2005 and the first half of 2008 threatened inflation and unemployment, as higher gasoline prices ate into consumers’ budgets. Imported oil accounts for about two-thirds of US consumption. Long-term problems include inadequate investment in economic infrastructure, rapidly rising medical and pension costs of an aging population, sizable trade and budget deficits, and stagnation of family income in the lower economic groups.
The World Factbook:United States
Why did the economy collapse in 2008? Because from the 1980s a good portion of homeowners around the world financed their lives on credit. The choice has much to do with ‘practically all the gains in household income have gone to the top 20%’. The wealth imbalance, about equal to that before the Great Depression, grows wider, yet only gets mentioned as a tertiary cause; far from having a solution, we do not yet know the problem. Good luck getting the political class to acknowledge. So, after watching the problem grow for thirty-five years, why should we think we can solve in the next? Or more positively phrased: how do solve the problem in that time? And yes, the US is not the entire planet, but its military and economy still dwarf the rest, so its trajectory affects all. Besides, many issues now face us all in a globalized world.
This page is wiki editable click here to edit this page.Tue, August 17 2010 » Astrology Meets History, Discussions, Future, Paradox2140 » No Comments
Paradox2140 seeks to establish a baseline, a foundation based on the issues we face and the mood of the public. i.e, the motivation and ability to recognize problems and, in turn, address them. Since this publication now seeks to discuss the rest of the 21st Century in depth, beginning at this baseline proves paramount. In short: How is that Progress thing working for you?
At this point Paradox2140 assumes Resources, Science & Technology, One World, Sustainability, Information Overload and New Morality as categorical paradoxes that make up the greater one of Progress. Please know that I will likely add seventh paradox: Corporatism. Since Paradox2140 is open-ended, it is subject to revision; nonetheless, readers should trust that most of the paradoxes will remain as they are.
This post intends to provide a brief report and update such over time. Detailed discussion will appear here and there. Overall, societies ability to recognize the paradox has a long way to go. Ways to address some of the issues appear from time to time, but the need to integrate changes lacks a cohesive plane, a view that sees the many crisis we face as part of one big problem, rather than many disconnected little (0r not so little ones). To be sure, society may never recognize the meta-issues, yet go on to address them. On the other hand, having the capacity see the issue and not address, would seem like folly.
Sustainability includes the categories of Consumerism and Infrastructure. Every culture on the planet must now balance the need for a consumer economy against the impact mass consumerism demands. As bad as the Gulf Oil volcano turned out, one of the most disheartening showed that all the oil lost made up a few days of US consumption, if that . Infrastructure needs have grown more complex as they have grown more global. Day-to-day transactions now require satellites. Yet asking about infrastructure plans for the next decade, next century or half-century would produce blank stares. I believe this ‘short-termism’ as a myopia modern societies desperately need to address. The consequences of our decisions now have decades-long, if not centuries long consequences–nuclear waste is just one of many industrial consequences conveniently ignored in pursuit of immediate profit–should not the structure that carries our decisions also include a long-term view.
Energy sources contribute greatly to the Paradox of Progress, though other resources, such as human efforts and water also require our attention. Cheap energy, or more precisely, mis-priced energy stands as one of our greatest paradoxes, and, perhaps, the one most difficult to address. The problem of underpricing energy–if we factor in the full costs, from cultural displacement to environmental impact, the true costs are quite higher than the price listed at the pump–goes back to the sources of discovery. Oil and coal both looked like practically free energy in comparison to previous forms of converting resources into effort. Now, however, even when we know the costs, the will to honestly assess how much energy actually costs over the long and short term does not even rate discussion in many cases.
Has the above inspired your thoughts on how society addresses the paradoxes of Sustainability, One World, New Morality, Science & Technology, Resources and Information Overload. Do any cultures even come close to addressing any paradox? Do you think any paradox is closer to recognition? Can any society reach the self-awareness to honestly discuss the true sources of its problems? Please use comments, below, or post to the wall of Measuring History of Facebook
.The Long Run
Paradox2140:Progress covers 1893Neptune-Pluto2384, the Neptune-Pluto wave that spans 1893 to 2384. Measuring History will use the centuries for intelligent revision.
This page is wiki editable click here to edit this page.Thu, August 12 2010 » Future, Our Paradox, Paradox2140, Present, You Are Here » No Comments
A Many Part Essay Comparing the Two Periods
For obvious reasons, I will leave the comparisons between the early 1930s and 2008–2012 to others who have already performed the task. From the beginning, I can tell you that both times, like any, are different. However, enough similarities exist and the line from the first event to the next displaying so many connections, the effort has to be pursued. Keep in mind that the essay means to present an overall picture, showing how one period connects to the other, rather than a side-by-side comparison.

As the diagrams show. The main reason for comparison comes from how similar configurations, Saturn-Uranus-Pluto T-squares, appeared during both financial crisises. The first of such, circa 1930, includes the Uranus-Pluto wave, 1849Uranus-Pluto1966, bringing events near 1849 into the picture. Importantly, this wave began under the previous Neptune-Pluto wave, 1399Neptune-Pluto1892, when cultures shifted from medieval to modern practices and viewpoints. That the lead-up to the Great Depression follows the path of the last Uranus-Pluto wave of the previous Neptune-Pluto hints that some of the financial distress of that period relates to that transition. The Great Depression of the 1930s was the first globalized depression, one totally related to the full industrialization of the planet. Just as significantly, that 1966Uranus-Pluto2100 is the first Uranus-Pluto wave of 1893Neptune-Pluto2384, suggests it comes with different concerns. Specifically, the previous Neptune-Pluto wave contained the Paradox of Secularism, where Church reform, unleashed secularism as a modus operandi. 1893Neptune-Pluto2384, on the other hand, deals with the Paradox of Progress. This latter characteristic appears as more obvious–the 2008-? Great Recession clearly has obvious ties to the Progress and its ramifications. Conversely, the 1930s episode seems more connected to 1850s type issues of nationalism and ‘iron and blood’ industrialism, than the slicker, more financial-services causes of the 2008 collapse. The difference shows up repeatedly thoughout this comparison. 
Because the 1930 T-square includes 1849Uranus-Pluto1966 and the 2010, 1966Uranus-Pluto2100 the range our survey ties the 1850s to the early 22nd Century. The list shows all of the periods, hinting at why and how the times are similar, yet different.
As you may have guessed, both periods classify as turning points, a nexus of longer and shorter-term influences coming together to create an event with its own momentum. I have already presented From Revolution to Protest, about 1966Uranus-Pluto2100. Expect more posts on the other waves from various perspectives. By the end, the reader will gain greater perspective that will lead to greater understanding of each time.
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A major reason to use waves as a measuring device lies with the ability to view cycle as a unit. Seeing cycles in circular form tends to stack one on top of the other, obliterating the view. Another advantage comes when look at the both ends of the wave, 360°/0° at the beginning 0°/360° at the other. In circular form this point blends into itself; it passes without much notice. Waves change that view. The end and the beginning hold distinct positions in Measuring History.
A birth best demonstrates a beginning. The start of life comes ripe with potential, both powerful for the attention a newborn requires and vulnerable for almost complete dependence on others. Powerful with the energy of youth, yet fragile for innocence gradually lost along the way. And here we typically concentrate our attention, the look ahead. The shadow side of he experience, goes unmentioned, but plays an equally important role: that which can no longer exist because of what replaces it.
The 1960s and the 1990s both have a feeling of the new. Both featured conjunctions between very distant planets, Uranus and Pluto in the 60’s, Uranus and Neptune in the early 90’s. Because Saturn conjoined both Uranus and Neptune in the late 80s, the feeling of new, a step into new era stretched from then until a few years past the 1992–93 Uranus-Neptune conjunction.
The feeling, the opinion that the 1960s saw great leaps in many areas has been confirmed from many quarters. From economies, to science, music, gender, diplomacy, politics and culture, the decade still stands as a time of great departure from the past. Changes such as civil rights legislation, movements for greater gender equality, even rock’n’roll cannot be undone. Uranus-Pluto waves, connected with the printing press, the Age of Reason, the French Revolution continued its legacy of significant and disruptive change, adding the Internet to the resume.
The 1990s began as the Berlin Wall (and Soviet Union) fell, Europe entered a union and the US flexed its muscles in the Gulf War. Internet and cell networks reached critical mass, accelerating cultural change certainly still closer to infancy than maturity. China’s Tienanmen Square Massacre announced how that nation would modernize on its own terms. I was old enough to know better by this time, and the feelings of new, of stepping into a new time was tangible, an emotion shared by many. I know the idea that outer planets tell us when we enter new historical episodes stretches credulity, but the evidence repeats throughout time. 1648 (Uranus-Neptune conjunction), 1821 (another Uranus-Neptune conjunction) 1892 (Neptune-Pluto conjunction), all share these characteristic. Do your own experiment and I think you will agree that these times stand out as turning points, when significant cultural shifts occurred.
The 1890s, the 1960s, and the 1990s also included the feeling of passing, of an age or tradition fading into memory. The 1890s, heady with new inventions and lifestyles, came with the anxious feeling that the old slipped away in the din of excitement over the nascent and untried. During the late 1980s and early 1990s, when Soviet collapse looked imminent, the old worry of national instability in the soon defunct Eastern Bloc arose (for good reason); Margaret Thatcher fretted over a united Germany. The prospect of an entirely different situation brought up dormant concerns.
Perhaps because so many cover the 1960s, but a sense of passing appears in all aspects tied to the decade. The US poor showing in Vietnam eroded confidence in military solutions. Civil rights legislation removed built in advantages some groups held over others. Feminism undid years of Hollywood driven propaganda aimed at women. The movement in the West away from less traditional family structure began then. For every new development, a way of life disappeared or took on a lesser role. These fall on the 360° side of the equation.
The full picture of honoring the 360° side shows up when we look at all of 1849Uranus-Pluto1965, realizing that much of what transpired in the 1960s had roots in the time around the 1850s. Abolition movements supplied the foundation for civil rights action and legislation; the feminist movement began in Seneca Falls in 1848; ‘60s protests, riots and sit-ins extend the legacy, and similar results, to the 1848 Revolutions: specific protester requests went unmet, but their pressure forced cultural change. Internationally, the sometimes literal fight for independence in Indochina, the sub-Continent and Africa simply extended a trend begun in 1848, an episode then whose true result ended with the nationalization of Germany, Canada and Italy. Both times feature the same imperative, the desire to control local economies, means of production and representation. People wanted to be Vietnamese or Pakistani for the same reasons people want to be Italian or Belgian: no one reason, but many compel the choice for independence.
Rail roads also fit in here. Circa 1848 they were about to bring about the greatest expansion in human industry and population, and by the mid-1960s, fade into sentimentality. Of course, trains will not disappear, but now rank next to other forms of transport, including aerospace in its many forms. The president flies Air Force One, instead of following the whistle-stop tour. But their roles, their 360° presence, should not be forgotten. Rail roads changed diplomacy, politics, industry, culture, gender expectations, labor relations; inspired time-zones, trans-continental travel, civil engineers, cities, destruction, great architecture, new markets, robber-barons, mechanized war and exponential population growth. When in the the 60s Ken Kesey, the road-trip, car-culture replaced rail-road culture (big-bands traveled by rail, where pop-bands travel by van, bus or plane), consider it a signal of the end of rail road’s influence.They still play a role but no longer a major one. Railroads are so 360°.
Fri, July 23 2010 » Astrology Meets History, Discussions » No Comments
The 1960s featured rockets. Rocket cars. Nuclear Rockets. Rockets to the Moon. Rockets were nothing new, but ones festooned with electronics, were. Rockets turned into guided missiles, transforming space, time and diplomacy. Fast was in. Slow was off the table.
People didn’t notice it then, but the ‘Instant’ world began in the 1960s. Instant Coffee, Instant Pictures, Instant Sex. Since then, Instant has only gotten faster (but instant coffee still sucks). The king of Instant, the Internet (actually packet technology, which also powers cellular networks), was invented in the 1960s because of what might happen when nations fire rockets at each other. But Instant did another thing: it turned news into history. No longer did people wait a few days for news; reports came hourly, now minute to minute.
Cue: “We just saw history here, today, Ladies and Gentlemen. Now, to our reporter on the street for an instant reaction.“
“Excuse me Ms./Mr. Public could you tell me how you feel about the history we witnessed today?”
That’s what began as 1966Uranus-Pluto2100 did. Instant culture. Instant immersed culture. Rockets. Satellites. Electronics. All now part of a growing network. Aerospace. Many of the components had been around for a bit, but how to use them, how to combine them changed. Forever. Uranus-Pluto is like that.
1966Uranus-0°-Pluto2100
can also be read 1849Uranus–360°–Pluto1965. The end shapes the beginning. The path along the quadrature alignments from 1849, to 1874, 1902, 1930 and 1965 brought us from rail roads and telegraphs, through telephones and automobiles, to airplanes and mass-production, to nuclear technology and rockets.
Networks of steel and wire, lead to ones of steel and more wire, to ones through the air, both physical and virtual. Along with these accompanying changes appeared. The distance between field and table decreased dramatically, in time, altering all sorts of equations. The same technology that sent freight and people down rails also powered machines on the farm.
People’s lives began to revolve more around machines than farms, changing the focus on where to live. Better to live in the city, near the factory. So your family moves there, along with the shops, the offices and schools. Since you won’t need the many hands needed on a farm, you will have fewer children, also better for city living. Women live healthier lives, with more free time. To get away from the factory, some of the children learn mathematics, law, even the arts.
Abstract thought and art and music challenge previous limits. Newtonian Physics, mechanical and causal, gives way to Quantum Physics, where different states can exist simultaneously in different locations! And because we could see abstractly, we could see atoms. Well, at least we could see how they moved. And, then we learned how to split them! So when we blew stuff up, it stayed blew up. We also used it as a new way to heat up water. So the 360°/0° thing applies here because all those things happened during the last Uranus-Pluto wave; all those things occurred between 1849 and 1965; the past that shapes the future.
At 1711Uranus-270°-Pluto1848, near 1821, experimentation with rail roads began. After 1849Uranus-0°-Pluto, near 1848, rail roads, literally, became part of the landscape. Near 1849Uranus-270°-Pluto1965, circa 1929, Goddard began rocket experiments that lead to the moon landing.
Space rockets improve all the time, but their launch no longer is a big tourist attraction. We note their departure like we do a passing train. Whatever rockets evolve into by 2100, we have already begun down that path. We have already seen how the Internet change from its Morse Code-like beginning to its more useful telephone offshoot, more instant lives, even more instantly.
We need remember that Rachel Carson’ s Silent Spring just preceded the 1965 Uranus-Pluto conjunction, with a message equally as worrisome as the “Bomb”. Industry that exploded from 1850 on, came with dirty side-effects growing in proportion to the its influence on culture. Since her message ignited awareness, our capacity to spoil the environment grows. We literally have changed the weather, for decades, probably centuries. Meanwhile, we demand more resources, so we can grow more populous and demanding.
Pollution is no longer local; China’s smog is also California’s. British Petroleum’s negligence is Louisiana’s nightmare. Jetsons cartoons now come with a Surgeon Generals warning. The future is loaded down with carbon. The past shapes the future.
The next Uranus-Pluto turning point comes near the opposition of 2045. These oppositions do not subtly arrive and disappear into history. Remember 1792 for being close to the French Revolution, the American Constitution, the final split of Poland and a dramatic shift toward industry. 1902 features planes, radios, air conditioning, imperial battles, strikes and revolutions. along with the avant garde, and the abstract. The turn of the century clearly departs from the past.
~2045 will likely amaze in ways both challenging and awesome. The children who barely knew what a land-line was will hit middle-age, just as many demographic timelines reach critical junctures. Population will close on 9–10 Billion, just as our oceans may run out of fish. We could be closer to 400 than 350.
Whatever decisions made or delayed regarding energy sources circa 2010 will show consequence at this time. At this point, since most cultures defer attention to these matters, and given the history of Uranus-Pluto oppositions, this astrologer suspects upheavals a long the line of Paradox2140:Progress . I wonder how much Louisiana Light Crude will haunt the Gulf of Mexico?
This page is wiki editable click here to edit this page.Sat, July 17 2010 » Discussions, Future, Paradox2140, Past, Present » 1 Comment
If history mirrors planetary patterns, why does the history of one country differ from others? Why is not the pattern the same for all? Obviously, a logical question. The answer provides the opportunity to explain how the conditions at the start, whether at birth or the beginning of an outer planet wave determines conditions throughout. Yes, the last sentence tells us the short answer.
1399Neptune-Pluto1892 brought us the European shift from Christian theocracy to secularism. The process occurred in the following order by quadrature alignment:
So three “nations”—none of the three could be considered nations in 1399, nationalism and nationhood would not begin until the time of the American and French Revolutions—ended in different positions relative to each other ~1893. How did they start?
Spain began 1399Neptune-Pluto1892 near the end of La Reconquista that not only ended Muslim presence on the Iberian Peninsula, but somewhat united Spain and established Spanish identity. Somewhat appears in quotations because Spain never united to the degree of the other two in the this survey. Remember that the marriage of Isabel and Ferdinand united Castile and Aragon not all of Spain:
Even with the personal union of the Castilian and the Aragonese crowns, Castile, Aragon, Catalonia, and Valencia remained constitutionally distinct political entities, and they retained separate councils of state and parliaments.
http://countrystudies.us/spain/7.htm
Fast forward a few years and the dynastic policy in effect across Europe made Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire and the Hapsburg also King of Spain. This lead to his using Spain’s access to overseas bullion as a funding source to for his empire. Spain’s fortunes came second. Add to this the fact that those like Cortes could make far more risking life and limb in the New World than as a farmer, you begin to see why Spain looked more outside its environs than within. This resulted in little investment in domestic industry and a tendency to rely on gold, silver and spices to mend all ills. Easy to criticize in hindsight, but had others been in the same position, most would have followed the same path. Leaders considered diplomacy through marriage the best option; England and France played the same game. We should also factor in Spain’s relatively poor soil, restricted access to markets and more remote location. In other words, the starting condition of Spain (and Portugal) had much to do with why Spain failed to develop home industry and a fiscal policy poised for the modern world.
France and England began the period in a conflict that defined their identity and future, the Hundred Years War. Around 1399, the English crown considered itself as much French as English, having originated from there. But the crown also had the limitations of Parliament set in the Magna Carta. By losing the Hundred Years War, the English crown became English; when the conflict ended the War of the Roses began, ending with the triumph of the Tudors who made England as we now know it.
The same can be said of the French. It started with a strong nobility, who had dynastic across Europe not necessarily to the benefit of the French. Because so much intrigue surrounded the crown, the monarchy was weak—Charles VI, too young to prove an effective ruler, suffered with bouts of madness through much of his reign. By luck, another character with mental issues, Joan of Arc rallied the French into victory after victory, eventually pushing the English into becoming an island nation and France into being more purely French. Again, starting conditions matter.
Push forward to the 1572 to 1648 period. Spain had become a superpower, but its many wars outside of its borders, and the lack of foresight in turning its overseas possessions into colonies ultimately led to rapid decline. That France could endure a contentious religious civil at the end of the 16thCentury, but emerge as “victor” of the Thirty Years War in 1648—it was never an official participant–showed the inherent strength of a central location and the most fertile soil in Europe. The English went from the insecurity still reverberating from Henry VIII’s abdication and queen who never married to an the Civil War that created a Parliament ready for the modern world.
The results of where each nation began the period really shows up ~1819. France, despite, in then recent memory, controlling the continent, felt lucky to remain mostly intact after the Congress of Vienna. England, now the United Kingdom displayed the benefits from Elizabeth’s decision to contest Spain’s hegemony over the seas (and the France’s inability to do the same). Britain went on to create an empire that thrived both commercially and diplomatically. Spain’s overseas empires one-by-one turned independent and Spain turned into the poor man of Europe.
In short, where a nation starts factors greatly into the later decisions that determines its destiny. The same exercise shows similar results with Italy and Germany, both disunited at the beginning of the period and Poland, which ceased to exist for about 150 years after the late 18thCentury. The same applies to individuals as well.
Fri, July 9 2010 » Astrology Meets History, Discussions, Past » No Comments